Translocation: the transfer of papermaking to Europe

As indicated by this map from the Museo della Carta e della Filigrana in Fabriano, paper making was first undertaken in Europe within Muslim areas of Spain in the mid twelfth century. After the reconquest, it was preserved in Spain by Jewish intermediaries.  But the place in which paper making was transformed in Europe, and from which it spread north was the little Italian town of Fabriano on the west coast of the Adriatic. 

Credit: Howard Hotson (May 2019)