Europe c. 1700

Europe in 1700 looked very different than in 1000 AD. The Holy Roman Empire had crumpled, being partially replaced by the Hapsburg Monarchy, which was in the ascendant following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in 1683. The Ottoman Empire continued to dominate the Balkans, but it was no longer a huge threat to the rest of Europe. The Spanish monarchy controlled Spain and southern Italy, while the north was divided into small states. In the West of Europe, Bourbon France was dominant, and in 1707 England and Scotland united to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.